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Tardive dyskinesia – Symptoms, causes, and management options

Tardive Dyskinesia, or TD is a neurological disorder that causes repetitive, involuntary movements of the face, tongue, and other body parts. Facial movements like lip-smacking and rapid blinking can be distressing and significantly impact a person’s quality of life. The side effects of certain prescriptions (used for mental health treatment) generally cause this condition. Understanding the signs, causes, and remedies for TD is crucial for individuals at risk and healthcare professionals.

Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of TD can vary in severity and presentation. Common manifestations include:

Involuntary facial movements
These may include rapid blinking, grimacing, or puckering of the lips.
Tongue movements
Sudden tongue protrusion, darting, or twisting may occur.
Gesticulation
Uncontrolled arm and leg movements, such as fidgeting, tapping, or flailing, can be present.
Choreiform movements
These are rapid, jerky movements of the limbs, neck, or trunk.
Grunting or snorting
Some individuals may exhibit vocal tics, including repetitive sounds like grunting or snorting.

Causes
TD is most often associated with the long-term use of certain treatment prescriptions, particularly those used for the management of conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression. These prescriptions can alter the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to the development of TD. The exact cause of the condition is not yet known, but several factors may contribute:

Treatment therapy
Prolonged use of some therapies, especially first-generation or typical treatment therapies, increases the risk of TD. Another reason could also be the duration of the therapy and how an individual’s body responds to it.
Individual susceptibility
Some individuals may be more genetically predisposed to developing TD.
Age
Older adults are more susceptible to TD, with the risk increasing as age advances.
Underlying mental health conditions
The severity of the underlying psychiatric disorder being treated can also influence the risk of tardive dyskinesia.

Remedies and management
Managing TD involves a combination of strategies, including prevention, symptom monitoring, and treatment:

Switching treatment options
A healthcare provider may recommend switching to a different treatment option less likely to cause TD, which may involve transitioning to newer therapy with a lower risk profile.
Botulinum Toxin (Botox)
In some cases, botulinum is administered into the affected muscles and can reduce the severity of TD symptoms, particularly facial and neck movements.
Behavioral therapy
Some individuals benefit from behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which can help the affected cope with the condition’s emotional and psychological impact.
Regular monitoring
Individuals taking certain prescription treatments should receive regular check-ups to monitor for signs of TD. Early detection and intervention can prevent the condition from worsening.
Supportive care
TD can be emotionally distressing. Support groups and therapy can help individuals and their families cope with the challenges of living with TD.

In conclusion, tardive dyskinesia is a complex neurological disorder associated with the long-term use of specific prescriptions. Recognizing the signs, understanding the causes, and exploring appropriate remedies and management options are essential to improving the quality of life for those affected by TD. Effective management often requires a collaborative effort between healthcare providers, individuals with TD, and their support networks.

Coping with urges that can trigger a relapse post treatment

Addictions when left untreated can turn into crippling conditions. One can be addicted to smoking, binge drinking, or even shopping. Once addicted, one willfully submits to urges, despite having satisfied them before. However, addictions can be managed and to a great extent treated to full recovery. But, the post-recovery phase is crucial where both the mind and body are put to test and can trigger a relapse. Continue reading to know more about the most common triggers for addictions and how to deal with them.Stress Stress is commonly the root cause of many problems and addictions, both physical and psychological. One can become an addict as a way to manage the stress that may stem from strained relationships or priorities. The best way to avoid a relapse during recovery is to make lifestyle changes that donât trigger a return to addictions amidst a stressful situation. One can practice mindfulness, engage in relaxation techniques, manage oneâs time to avoid stressful situations, and imbibe healthy eating habits and exercise in their daily routine. EmotionsThere is an umpteen number of triggers that invoke a positive or negative emotional response. However, the stress associated with dealing with emotions daily can trigger urges without one even realizing. Often, one turns to a glass of alcohol or relies on prescription medications to put the mind at ease. It is not a permanent solution and prolonged use of these substances can cause more harm in the long run. One must learn and explore productive ways of controlling emotions better to avoid a relapse during recovery. For example, writing and maintaining a journal that contains oneâs feelings and thoughts can act as a healthy outlet. Similarly, there are other healthy ways to channel oneâs energy and manage emotional responses.Positive conditioningPeople who have addictions such as smoking or drinking may often find themselves in situations where a lit cigarette or a glass of wine can trigger a relapse. This is understandable considering these substances were the primary source of comfort and relaxation. However, with positive reinforcement and reconditioning one can train the mind and curb such urges. Relaxation doesnât always mean techniques like yoga or meditation, it can also be pursuing your hobby. Counseling for group gatheringsBirthdays, parties, New Yearâs events, and any celebration in general call for alcohol consumption and smoking. At times, these could be the very addictions one is recovering from, and in a social gathering, such temptations can be strong. However, a recovering addict should refrain from indulging in any of these as even a taste can turn into a relapse. For instance, a recovering alcoholic must avoid having a single drink as that could put him/her on a slippery slope to relapse. Here, one-on-one counseling can help prepare the mind to resist the urge. It is never healthy for a recovering addict to simply avoid socializing fearing a relapse.

Top 5 foods to combat bad breath

Bad breath, or halitosis, can be embarrassing and socially uncomfortable. While it can result from several factors, such as poor oral hygiene and specific health conditions, one's nutritional choices play a significant role. Some foods can take away the freshness of one's breath, while others can help combat bad breath naturally in the long term. This post explores a few everyday foods that can help one fight against bad breath. Apples Munching on crunchy fruits and vegetables like apples can do wonders for one's breath. Apples are not only good for overall well-being but also work as natural toothbrushes. Chewing them stimulates saliva production, which helps wash away tiny food particles and bacteria in the mouth. Additionally, the fibrous texture of crunchy fruits and veggies can scrub the teeth, removing plaque and bacteria that contribute to bad breath. Furthermore, the natural sugars in apples are less likely to cause bad breath than processed sugars found in candies and sodas. Yogurt Yogurt is not only a delicious and nutritious snack but also a great ally in the fight against bad breath. Experts suggested yogurt because it has probioticsâbeneficial bacteria that promote a healthy balance in the gut and mouth. Probiotics can help reduce the growth of odor-causing bacteria in the mouth, providing fresher breath. Green tea Green tea has long been praised for its health benefits. Besides helping lower the symptoms of other ailments, it can help combat bad breath. The beverage contains polyphenols, which have antibacterial properties that can help inhibit the growth of bacteria in the mouth. Drinking green tea can also help neutralize odors. One can choose unsweetened green tea to maximize its effectiveness in promoting oral health. Mint Fresh herbs like mint are not only excellent for adding flavor to meals but also for freshening one's breath. Chewing on mint leaves can help neutralize odors and leave one's mouth feeling fresher. These leaves contain chlorophyll, which has deodorizing properties that help fight against bad breath. Besides mint, one can incorporate parsley into salads, sandwiches, or smoothies for a more consistent and enjoyable way to maintain fresh breath. Oranges Citrus fruits like oranges can help combat bad breath in two ways. First, they stimulate saliva production, which helps cleanse the mouth and remove odor-causing bacteria. Second, the high acid content in these fruits can create an inhospitable environment for bacteria to thrive. However, it's essential to rinse one's mouth with water after eating citrus fruits to prevent the acid from eroding the tooth enamel. While the foods mentioned above can help fight bad breath, it can take time before one notices the results. Besides eating these foods, one should brush and floss regularly, visit the dentist for routine check-ups, and drink plenty of water. While the foods mentioned above are long-term solutions to combat bad breath, for a quick fix, sugarless gum or sugarless mint can help keep bad breath at bay temporarily. Sugarless mints often contain ingredients like xylitol or sorbitol, which can stimulate saliva production, helping to wash away food particles and bacteria and reducing the source of bad odors. The natural or artificial flavoring in mint-flavored sugarless gum can temporarily mask unpleasant odors in the mouth. These flavors create a fresh sensation and may cover up the smell of bad breath. Some sugarless mints may contain antimicrobial agents like menthol or eucalyptus, which can inhibit the growth of odor-causing bacteria in the mouth. Reducing the bacterial population can help combat bad breath. It can also help neutralize acidic conditions in the mouth that can cause bad breath.

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Handy tips for retirement-focused investments

With pension plans becoming more and more obsolete, retirement-focused investments have come to the fore in the past few years. Besides helping you fund your future, these valuable assets also provide incredible gains, and in some cases, constant income till the end of life. Since investing for retirement—and planning it—can prove to be challenging, we have put together a list of tips that may be helpful in the process. Assess your options Multiple investment vehicles are ideal for long-term gains and can return a sizable amount by the time you retire. Mutual funds, stocks, bonds, exchange-traded funds, cash investments, annuities, and dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs) are also good sources of high returns, although they depend on investor characteristics and risk aptitude. Saving money in certain tax-advantaged accounts such as 401(k), individual retirement accounts (IRA), and brokerage accounts is also an option. Start early and young No one is ever too young to invest. It’s a healthy habit that can earn serious money in the long term, with even the smallest of investments capable of making a difference a few years down the line. Starting early gives your money time to grow and lets you accumulate more compound interest over a period of time.

4 popular credit cards for college students

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5 mistakes to avoid when investing in a high dividend ETF

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A reverse mortgage provides the elderly access to equity in their homes and supplements their income. With its flexible repayment option, it gives homeowners more control over their money. However, the government has laid out strict rules and guidelines concerning reverse mortgage eligibility criteria. So, if you’re considering a reverse mortgage, read on to know the reverse mortgage eligibility criteria and the types of reverse mortgages. Reverse mortgage eligibility criteria The first criterion for a reverse mortgage is that the primary homeowner must be at least 62 years of age. If your spouse is under the age of 62, you might still be eligible if you meet other reverse mortgage eligibility criteria. If you’re not 62 or older than 62, then you won’t qualify for a reverse mortgage even if you satisfy the criteria mentioned below. You must be the primary resident of the home you’re seeking a reverse mortgage for. Note that vacation homes or rental properties do not qualify. You must either entirely own the house or have at least 50% equity in it. If you have any mortgage balance remaining while applying for a reverse mortgage, you must be in a financial position to pay off that balance.

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